Virtual Study Solutions

Pakistan's Top Apps for Students

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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Top Apps for Students in Pakistan</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Dear Students in this article we will discuss Pakistan's Top Apps for Students. You can be more productive in their everyday life by using these Top Ads in Pakistan. We also suggest you read</span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <a href="https://virtualstudysolutions.blogspot.com/2017/12/top-10-best-laptops-for-students-2018.html">Top 10 Best Laptops for Students in Pakistan</a>.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>Please Note:</b> Given below apps are only for Pakistani students.</span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">List of educational apps that can help Pakistani students are given below to evaluate and improve your academic life:</span><br />
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<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>Campus: For Pakistani Students</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>NTS Test Preparation, Jobs & NTS MCQs</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>CSS Exams Pakistan 2019-2020</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>Govt Jobs Pakistan 2019</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>Scholarships</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>Admissions [1st year, bachelor and masters merits ]</b></span></li>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Pakistan's Top Educational Apps for Students</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>1. Campus: For Pakistani Students</b></span><br />
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<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br />Campus Student Portal provides Pakistani students with a complete assistance platform. This app is the best career planning and educational guidance tool in Pakistan. it also contains a campus feed that lets you know about what is happening around you on your campus.<br /><br />Once you install this app, you can easily find out best options for your next study, admissions in Pakistan universities and colleges, Scholarships available around the globe, find Jobs on your own criteria, give Online tests, read news and articles, search tutors or become and tutor yourself, find past papers and lots of more stuff. Try it once. You'll also recommend this to your friends.</span><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">This app has the following sections:</span></span><br />
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<li><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Articles - Students contribute articles on their interest in different topics.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Courses - Find courses in all colleges of Pakistan based on your location, qualification, and interest.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Education news - Keep updated with what is happening in the education world.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Jobs - We add thousands of jobs every week. Find one for you across Pakistan</span></span></li>
<li><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Online Tests - One of the best ways to get better marks. Test yourself before you get tested in final exams.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Past Papers - Pakistan's largest database of past papers for all classes, boards, universities and years.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Scholarships - We post hundreds of scholarships. From Pakistan and abroad.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Tutors - Become a tutor yourself or find a tutor for guidance.</span></span></li>
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<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;"><a class="bevel green" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=softsolutions.campus" rel="nofollow" style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;" target="_blank"> Click Here to Install </a>
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<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>Also R</b></span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>ead:</b> <a href="https://virtualstudysolutions.blogspot.com/2019/06/universities-offering-distance-learning-in-pakistan.html">List of Universities offering Distance learning in Pakistan </a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>2. NTS Test Preparation, Jobs & NTS MCQs</b></span></span>

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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Here is the best app you can have for NTS Pakistan jobs, results, online MCQ test preparation, job tests prep and much more. Some important features of this app are given below:</span><br />
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<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Latest NTS Jobs 2018</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Test Dates & Schedule</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Results & Answer Keys</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Selected & Rejected Candidate Lists</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Past Papers & Paper Pattern</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Online NTS MCQ Test Preparation. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">It helps you with online test prep. Must try!</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">NAT 1 Test Guide</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">NAT 2 Test Guide</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">GAT General Test Guide</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">GAT Subject Guide</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Discussion Forum</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">National Testing Service News</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Test Help Videos</span></li>
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So this one app is your best resource for everything related to National Testing Service in Pakistan.<br /><br />Please note this app is not an official app from NTS. Our objective is to help students get maximum information and guidelines. For full and updated details, visit the official National Testing Service website.<br /><br />One of the best features of this app is online NTS Online MCQ Test Preparation 2018 for all exams. Also, you get updates and also can buy all NTS Preparation Books Online along with the free NTS preparation option. We keep trying to provide the latest information and most up to date questions and answers patterns in this mobile application.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b><a class="bevel green" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.softsolutions.ilmkidunya.nts" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Click Here to Install</a></b></span><br />
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</span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>Also Read:</b> <a href="https://virtualstudysolutions.blogspot.com/2019/06/how-to-earn-money-online-in-pakistan.html"> How to Earn Money Online in Pakistan (Guide for Students)</a></span>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>3. CSS Exams Pakistan 2019-2020</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The latest features include a great dashboard and cool interactivity features among CSS aspirants from all over Pakistan. Get immediate advice from others while helping others out. <br /><br />CSS Exams are important for every candidate. That's why this app is made with care and quality to give you maximum information about CSS Exams in Pakistan. It contains general information, a tool to check your eligibility and inspiring and helpful videos for you to start up your CSS preparation. There is also a full range of previous CSS exam papers as well as CSS MCQ online tests where you can test your preparation for general knowledge. Thre is also an updated list of CSS preparation centers across Pakistan. The app also brings you all the unsolved past paper for competitive exams as well as interesting new articles to keep you inspired.<br /><br />Disclaimer: This app is not part of FPSC Pakistan or Govt of Pakistan. It is developed only for the guidance of students who intend to appear in Civil Services exams by the Federal Public Service Commission of Pakistan.<br /><br />Good for FPSC Exams preparation, Test Preparation and CSS MCQs emulator. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><a class="bevel green" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.softsolutions.ilamkidunya.css" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Click Here to Install</a>

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<b>4. Govt Jobs Pakistan 2019</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The best app you can use to remain updated with all the new government vacancies announcements in Pakistan. Our team works every day to bring all the latest govt sector jobs in Pakistan so that you can apply as soon as possible and increase your chances of getting a great career in the government sector in Pakistan. <br /><br />We update all newspaper jobs for the Government sector on this app. Every Day! <br />At the same time, we give you filters and options to easily find your desired job very quickly. This is the most popular Govt Jobs app in Pakistan.<br /><br />Govt Jobs in all provinces such as Punjab, Sindh, KPK, Balochistan & AJK<br />Latest Job tests that can help you prepare for all kinds of test and job interviews<br /><br />There is this newly updated app that gives you amazing features. Now you can find your desired jobs very quickly. We also mention the number of vacancies in each job ad. Also, you can search for jobs directly from various important Govt Departments across Pakistan.<br /><br />Govt job-seeking app fro Pakistanis. Find all the latest govt. jobs from all leading newspapers at one place... Free. This app gives you access to all the latest govt. jobs in Pakistan. You can also search for a government job of your choice instantly by typing the keyword in the header search bar.<br /><br />The govt jobs in Pakistan app is launched by https://www.ready.pk/<br />Our main target is to provide all the latest government jobs in Pakistan to all the youth and professionals for a better career.<br /><br />We have recently added a brand new feature that allows you to prepare for any MCQs for job tests. There are thousands of MCQs for Job tests and interviews. You can prepare for your dream jobs for free.</span><br />
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<a class="bevel green" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.softsolutions.ilmkidunya.govtjobs" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Click Here to Install</a><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>5. Jobs in Pakistan 2019</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Finding a job has never been easier. There are thousands of new jobs in Pakistan announced every month. This app covers most of these jobs. If you are looking for a career in a government department or as a private company, we cover both. The interesting part is that you get to know all the latest jobs in Pakistan instantly on the same day. Major job areas we cover are as under:</span><br />
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<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Private jobs in Pakistan</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Govt. jobs in Pakistan</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Jobs in Punjab</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Jobs in Sindh</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Jobs in Balochistan</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Jobs in KPK</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Jobs in AJK</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Jobs in all major cities of Pakistan such as Lahore, Karachi, Islamabad, Peshawar, Quetta, Rawalpindi, Sargodha, Hyderabad, Sukkur, Faisalabad, Multan, Mardan, Gujranwala and more.<br /><br />So if you are looking for today's jobs, look no further you got the best app.<br /><br />One app that contains all new vacancies announced by government departments and private companies in Pakistan. All the jobs are categorized into various heads. You can find your required jobs within minutes, You can search for jobs based on cities and a lot more options for all the job seekers.<br /><br />This app contains all the new government jobs in Pakistan 2019 as well as Jobs from all the private companies and banks in Pakistan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><a class="bevel green" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.softsolutions" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Click Here to Install</a></span></div>
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<b>6. Scholarships</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Welcome to the scholarships app where we update scholarships on a daily basis. Hundreds of scholarships are added for every country and location. These scholarships are relevant to all levels, subjects, and regions. The main objective is to list down all recent scholarships and fellowships.<br /><br />This Scholarship app is a platform introduced by educational website <a href="https://www.ilmkidunya.com/" target="_blank">ilmkidunya</a> for students to get information about various scholarships, grants, financial aid from all over the world. This scholarship app brings you more scholarships that you need directly on your smartphone and tablet. Now, students can find various scholarships from different countries for different levels such as Undergraduate, Postgraduate, Ph.D. and Doctoral scholarships by simply installing this app on their device.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><a class="bevel green" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.softsolutions.ilmkidunya.scholarships" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Click Here to Install</a></span></div>
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<b>7. Admissions [1st year, bachelor and masters merits ]</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Now you can find all the latest college admissions and university admissions throughout Pakistan in one app. This app covers all latest admissions in all classes and levels including, FA, FSc. Bachelor's, MBA and masters program admissions.<br /><br />The most important admission you might need:</span><br />
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<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">First-year admissions 2019</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Bachelor admission 2019</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Latest open admission in all colleges and universities of Pakistan</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Merit lists of 1st year</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">bachelor course merit lists</span></li>
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This admission app is a platform introduced for students to get information about admissions of various colleges, universities from all over Pakistan. This admission app brings you more admission notices that you need directly on your smartphone and tablet. Now, students of different levels, cities, and categories can get colleges and universities admission information by simply installing this app on their mobile device.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><a class="bevel green" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.softsolutions.ilmkidunya.admissions" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Click Here to Install</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>Also Read:</b> <a href="https://virtualstudysolutions.blogspot.com/2015/06/mid-term-papers-solving-techniques.html">Mid Term Papers Solving Technique During Paper </a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">We hope this article was helpful for you. Please share it with friends. Thank You.</span></div>
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Pakistan's Top Apps for Students

Top Apps for Students in Pakistan Dear Students in this article we will discuss Pakistan's Top Apps for Students. You can be more pro...

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CS301 Short Notes for Mid term from lec 1 to 22

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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">CS301 Short Notes for Mid Term</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Here You can read and download <b>CS301</b> - <u>Data Structures</u> <b>Short Notes for Mid Term</b> From <b>Lecture 1 to 22</b> for Mid Term exam preparation. previously we shared <a href="https://virtualstudysolutions.blogspot.com/2017/04/mgt101-short-notes-for-mid-term-from-lec-1-to-22.html">MGT101 Short Notes for Mid term from Lec 1 to 2. </a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">CS301 Short Notes Sample Preview</span></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>What are the constraints ?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b> </b><br />Constraint defines a limitation or restriction on resources of a system. In the computer, we have hard disk, memory and other hardware. We also have time to consider as a resource.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Suppose you are writing an algorithm to solve a given problem and you have disc space of 400 Mega bytes. So, here you have space constraint that your algorithm should use only the available space in an efficient way. A solution is considered to be an efficient solution if it solves the problem within its resource constraints.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /><b>What is lvalue?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b> </b><br />In an assignment statement, lvalue refers to some memory location where some value can be stored.<br />Lvalue variable is written on left hand side of an assignment statement. For example, in the following statement, variable ‘var’ is lvalue variable and value 7 will be stored in it.<br />int var= 7;<br /><br /><b>What is “current” pointer ?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b> </b><br />“Current” is a variable showing the status of currently focused element in array/list, for example if current = 5, it means that currently the focus is on element no. 5 in the array/list.<br /><br /><b>What is algorithm?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b> </b><br />Algorithm is a finite sequence of steps for the solution of a problem.<br /><br /><b>WHAT IS ROLE OF ARRAYS IN DATA STRUCTURE?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b> </b><br />Array is the most widely used data structure. It is also used as constituting integral part of other data<br />structures.<br /> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Array is mainly used to store similar data. For storing elements of indexed data, the particular method is array. For example, if you were storing information about each day in August, you would create an array with an index capable of addressing 31 values -- one for each day of the month. Think of a notebook with pages numbered 1 through 12. Each page may or may not contain information on it. The notebook is an array of pages. Each page is an element of the array 'notebook'.<br /> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Arrays can also be multidimensional - instead of accessing an element of a one-dimensional list, elements are accessed by two or more indices, as from a matrix or tensor. Arrays guarantee constant time read and write access,O(1) , however many lookup operations<br />(find_min, find_max, find_index) of an instance of an element are linear time, O(n). Arrays are very efficient in most languages, as operations compute the address of an element via a simple formula based on the base address element of the array.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /><b>Read Also:</b> <a href="https://virtualstudysolutions.blogspot.com/2017/04/cs101-short-notes-for-mid-term-from-lec-1-to-22.html">CS101 Short Notes For Mid Term From Lec 1 To 22</a></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>HOW MANY TYPES AN DATA CAN BE ORGANIZE?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b> </b><br />Data can be organized in two main ways.</span><br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Linear as in arrays, lists</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Non Linear or Hierarchical like Trees</span></li>
</ol>
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Summary Of Taking Action on Adolescent Literacy

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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Summary Of Taking Action on Adolescent Literacy </span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Today we are going to discuss Summary Of <b>Taking Action on Adolescent Literacy</b> by Judith L. Irvin, Julie Meltzer and Melinda S. Dukes. You can also read </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Adolescent_Motivation.pdf file at the end of the article</span></span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Summary Of Taking Action on Adolescent Literacy </span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In this article we will discuss the following topics related to Adolescent Literacy:</span><br />
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<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Introduction of Adolescent Literacy</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Discussion on Adolescent Literacy</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Significance of Motivation And Engagement</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Relationship between Motivation, Engagement And Achievement</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Declining the Failure Cycle</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Engagement Conditions</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Necessary Actions For Engaging students</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Creating Links to Student’s Lives </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Developing The Idea Classroom</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Concentrating On Relevant Literacy Tasks</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Conclusion</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Mind Mapping</span></span></li>
</ol>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">1. Introduction of Adolescent Literacy</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The practice and instructional guidelines have a far greater impact on acquiring skills in reading, listening, conveying concept and thinking. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">It is necessary for the student to gain competency in literacy tasks as it improves proficiency level. Literacy is the most significant element in the development of adolescents. Adolescents practice to draft notes, formatting email, and documents, write blogs, understand and narrate the novel.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Although schooling administrators think that they spend more time with unnecessary activities (video games and TV) and resolving the key issues are the primary steps for the literacy development.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Since, the researcher Alvermann, (2003), Lee (2005), Smith & Wilhelm (2002) have concluded that the main threefold are necessary for the improvement and richness of adolescents literacy: </span><br />
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<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The theme should be according to the requirement of today’s world; </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the theme should connect and stand firm with their interest; </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">writing and reading process should according to their frame of mind.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <b>Previously we shared:</b> <a href="https://virtualstudysolutions.blogspot.com/2019/10/big-data-analytics-assignment-data.html">Big Data Analytics Assignment | Data Analytics in Various Health Care Fields </a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">2. Discussion on Adolescent Literacy</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The question arises if adolescents of today’s world possess the skills of reading and writing competency, what is the reason of having difficulty in reading their history book and understanding the literature reviews from scholarly sources.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Possibly, the out-of-school literacy is inadequate to grasp the concept of academic writing text; teachers do not effort to bridge the gap for the development of academic skills with the collaboration of out-of-school literacy; schooling academic assignments are not engaging and the lack of expertise and improper guidelines are present. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The other essential element is engagement as it develops the good practicing habit and increases the proficiency interaction. In this chapter, the researcher explains the well-organized material that shows the relation between motivation need, engagement practice and goals for achievement. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Furthermore, proper strategies describe by the researcher as a tool for the literacy tasks.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">3. Significance of Motivation And Engagement </span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The majority of schooling systems in the United States have neglected about the primary focus of education and significance of the improvement in academic reading and writing skills.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Because they have considered that students are already competent in the literacy skill. The other mindset of teachers is that it is too late to develop the literacy skills among the middle and high school students. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">However, the poor academic writing and reading skills gradually lead to the declination of marks. Sometimes, adolescents hide their weakness of literacy skills and seek the help of others to deal with their academic work. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">That is the reason, motivation and engagement are the most important activities which do not require the hard and fast effort to improve the literacy skills as these are interconnected consistent of a primary vehicle for literacy</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">4. Relationship between Motivation, Engagement And Achievement</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Kamil (2003) describes “Motivation and engagement are critical for adolescent readers. Let suppose students are not motivated to read, research shows that they will simply not benefit from reading instruction” (p. 8). </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The beginning concept of motivation leads to develop engagement. The process of improving reading and writing require the investment of time and effort. Only the most prominent adolescent's teachers implement to develop good relation with their students to motivate them for developing literacy skills. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In the absence of motivating factor, teachers fail to engage the student in the classroom literacy activities. Explicit teaching supports to filter the students’ performance; generate pointers to notify the mistakes and provides direction towards encouragement. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">According to Guthrie & Wigfield (1997) and Roe (2001), teachers deal with two basic issues while working on the literacy skills of unenthusiastic students: </span><br />
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<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Difficulty of engagement for the academic purpose literacy challenge </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Unable to properly explain about the completion of academic reading and writing tasks. </span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">5. Declining the Failure Cycle</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Carly was showed a lack of interest in the development of her literacy skills. She needed the teacher support to motivate and engage her in the literacy development. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The skills development was not magical step rather it was step by step process as the administrator in her school expressed that they focus in highly standard education. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">However, Ms. Warren focused on developing the classroom learning activity for the development of literacy skills.</span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">6. Engagement Conditions</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The literature review of varies research is supported the point that classroom environment and climate have far greater impact on engagement. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The other method of implementation is an engagement-instruction cycle. There were several key factors in the scenario of Kamal’s team that play the crucial role in engaging the team member with the reading and writing activity. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Students had an authority to choose the method for the representation of authentic information. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The experimental literature of Guthrie and Knowles’s (2001) drafted the seven elements for encouraging the motivation that is the utilization of conceptual framework, real world examples, exploring the direction, reading various texts, cognitive methodology, social participation and expressing the point of view.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>Also Read:</b>  <a href="https://virtualstudysolutions.blogspot.com/2018/10/cs619-final-project-how-to-select-and-complete-final-project.html">What is CS619 Final Project? How to Select and Complete Final Project</a></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">7. Necessary Actions For Engaging students</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The literature of researchers Meltzer (2002), Meltzer & Hamann (2004) created three significant points that can utilize by the teachers to motivate the English and literacy learners: </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
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<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Developing the background connection of knowledge with the lives experiences of students and the interesting material is produced to read. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Creating the responsive environment of the classroom where students express themselves in term of learning acknowledgment, raising voice, choosing their tasks and reading the topics for strength the literacy skills. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Group studies and interaction with reading materials that develop a good questions, conceptualization, visualization and clarification specifically in the completion of required tasks. </span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">8. Creating Links to Student’s Lives </span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">It is necessary for the teacher to develop the conceptual linked between student experience and text as it helps to promote the motivation element. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Furthermore, teachers should introduce the new knowledge of reading material; analyzing, observing and drafting texts are the primary priority of learning. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">If the students have explored the reading purpose then it means they have enough knowledge related to background and can successful make the logical connection between reading and experience result they can persist the difficulties of text.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">9. Developing The Idea Classroom </span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">            In the environment of the responsive classroom, the teachers focus towards the adolescents according to their expectations and choice. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Those adolescents that possess less literacy confidence, their motivation of literacy skills are completely depend on the judgment about the situation of the classroom environment and they consider themselves as the entity of time and effort investment. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Group discussion related to text is assumed as the collaborative learning procedures in the perspective of the classroom that helps and explains the diversified aspects of content areas.</span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /><br /><b>Also Read: </b></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://virtualstudysolutions.blogspot.com/2017/06/students-management-system-project-in-c-plus-plus.html">Student Management System Project in C++</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">10. Concentrating On Relevant Literacy Tasks </span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">According to the summary of the research of Alvermann (2001), “Adolescents want their work to matter, and they want to conduct an inquiry for reasons other than it being an assignment or an exercise. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Adolescents want their work to matter, and they want to conduct an inquiry for reasons other than it being an assignment or an exercise.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Authentic literacy tasks play into adolescents' needs to do things that are real and often prompt new effort for rehearsal, comprehension, discussion of content, planning, revision and editing tasks, summarizing, and other literacy skills because these activities are being carried out for purposes other than “just passing it into the teacher.<br /><br />Authentic literacy tasks include adolescents reading with younger students or creating books on tape or authoring books for them, designing Web sites, writing newspaper articles, and conducting and reporting upon inquiries that reflect real societal concerns” (Alvermann, 2001, pp. 676-690).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">11. Conclusion:</span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Furthermore, the use of latest technology is considered as the highly motivating factor for the improvement in literacy skills of adolescents. As, the various features of revision using software’s, graphical and sound effect; highlighting the chunks promote the literacy skills.<br /><br />Promoting critical literacy is assumed as the significant hidden key for the motivation of reader and writer having low-esteem. The development of meta-cognitive skills enable the students to observe their own passage and reading in an efficient manner. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The students who possess the high-quality of meta-cognitive skills generally prefer to use the strategies of “fix-up” during the listening and visualization process. According to Allen (1999), the development and improvement of active and passive vocabulary is knotted with the content structure and comprehension. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The most advantageous approach used by the middle and high schools are the comprehension, précis, new concepts, and support students to communicate with the deeper level understanding of key concepts. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In the last, producing good questions, the role of leader and gaining adolescent participation are essential actions for the adolescent's literacy. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">12. Mind Mapping</span></h4>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8pqS4YzLtIwK2hyphenhyphenaBUcZgJhfaX9Xzb2xwOOuRgpijM9BjZHvf_WIcid6dgAbmgzAvMoeNhkwZLSZTFrkYgcdlttagES4C7gQ4hJK5agxYexySHCxH5fYUFgPu7t1Ciasmm7fwSIeHFFg/s1600/Taking+Action+on+Adolescent+Literacy+mind+map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Adolescent Literacy Mind Mapping" border="0" data-original-height="511" data-original-width="616" height="528" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8pqS4YzLtIwK2hyphenhyphenaBUcZgJhfaX9Xzb2xwOOuRgpijM9BjZHvf_WIcid6dgAbmgzAvMoeNhkwZLSZTFrkYgcdlttagES4C7gQ4hJK5agxYexySHCxH5fYUFgPu7t1Ciasmm7fwSIeHFFg/s640/Taking+Action+on+Adolescent+Literacy+mind+map.jpg" title="Adolescent Literacy Mind Mapping" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Adolescent Literacy Mind Mapping</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>References </b></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Alvermann, D. E. (2001). Reading adolescents' reading identities: Looking back to see ahead. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 44(8), 676-690.</span></div>
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Summary Of Taking Action on Adolescent Literacy

Summary Of Taking Action on Adolescent Literacy Today we are going to discuss Summary Of Taking Action on Adolescent Literacy by Judith...

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Big Data Analytics Assignment | Data Analytics in Various Health Care Fields

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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">What is Big Data?</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The publications seem to relate more to healthcare and information systems more than computer science. Big data is an important topic of discussion in IT, research, medical field, economics and business field. The term big refers, large or immense; and Data signifies raw information’s that when analyzed and processed provides idea and meaning to object or matter. Both these words when combined together provide a clear picture of big data that is large and can be in structured or unstructured form. Here structured denotes, data with high degree of organization, whereas unstructured refers to unorganized data that lack proper model. Previously we sh</span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">ared <a href="https://virtualstudysolutions.blogspot.com/2018/10/cs619-final-project-how-to-select-and-complete-final-project.html">What is CS619 Final Project? How to Select and Complete Final Project.</a></span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Big Data Analytics Assignment | Data Analytics in Various Health Care Fields</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In this article we will discuss the following:</span><br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Published Papers Regarding Data Analytics in Various Health Care Field</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Big Data Analytics Theories and Techniques In Health Care</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Installing a Big Data Analytics framework (Hadoop or Spark) </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Installing R - Step by Step</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The Functionality Of R With Regard To Health Care</span></li>
</ol>
<b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Also</span></b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b> Read :</b>  <a href="https://virtualstudysolutions.blogspot.com/2019/10/taking-action-on-adolescent-literacy.html">Summary Of Taking Action on Adolescent Literacy </a></span><span class="retitle"></span><br />
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<ol style="text-align: left;">
</ol>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Uses of Big data analytics </span></h4>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Big data is defined as the raw data obtained from number of medium; studying these data, analyzing it and obtaining meaningful result out of them is called big data analytics. Below are some of the uses of big data analytics.</span><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Enhancing the performance</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Improvement in Research and health care</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> Development in business</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Strengthening Security and finding criminals</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">To bring development in nation</span></li>
</ul>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Advantages of Big Data Analytics</span></h4>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Error detection</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Predicting events</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Reduces time and effort</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Increases efficiency and accuracy</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Progress of company</span></li>
</ul>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Who uses Big Data? </span></h4>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Presently, there are number of companies that have developed software to use big data to compete in the growing market. Beside this, these useful tools are also used in different fields to develop sense from big data specific to the finding.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">These are the few popular companies that uses big data to fulfill customer requirements and accomplish their goal.</span><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">HP</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Oracle</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Microsoft</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Splunk</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Amazon    </span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span><br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">1. Published Papers Regarding Data Analytics in Various Health Care Fields  </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">This paragraph will discuss the results found in this paper. The publications seem to relate more to healthcare and information systems more than computer science, since computer science involves professionals and doctors only in healthcare analytics, paying less attention to involve individuals and patients, as we believe involving individuals will lead for better decision making and more accurate results for the future. Most healthcare analytics papers were published in the US as it shown in geographical distribution in Figure 7, and linking this results to the research approach distribution in Figure 8, we can notice that most publications in healthcare analytics were quantitative studies, so if we take a look again, we can conclude and relate that to the reason of why papers were decreased in the last 2 years, because quantitative studies are very expensive and costly, as well as it is focusing on involving professionals in healthcare analytics systems rather than patients, which will effect on having many inaccurate studies results, and create many struggles with healthcare analytics and kills it’s future, therefore researchers will stop publishing papers as they lost their spirit in healthcare analytics, so we recommend to involve individuals, as it would help society to adopt and improve healthcare data analytics systems, as well as running these systems efficiently and smoothly. (Alkhatib, Talaei-Khoei & Ghapanchi, 2016)</span><br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">2. Big Data Analytics Theories and Techniques In Health Care. </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Theory suggests that big data analysis technology, coupled with the proper business model (a topic for another blog), may be a disruption enabler in at least two ways:</span><br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>Enabling technologies make powerful data analytics affordable and accessible.</b> Inexpensive data storage, massive computing power, and widespread information transfer infrastructures make predictive analytics available to small players than ever before. Patient population analytics, for example, used to be available only to the largest and wealthiest of health systems who could hire talented teams of statisticians. Now, solutions exist that are affordable even for small providers. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>Accessible and affordable analytics drive operating efficiencies.</b> One third to one half of U.S. health care spend is on <a href="http://www.healthaffairs.org/healthpolicybriefs/brief.php?brief_id=82" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">ineffective or inefficient care</a>– hundreds of billions of dollars each year. Theory-based big data solutions can help change this. For example, theory-based (rather than simply correlative) population health management analytics updated with the latest best clinical practices from medical journals could help test, validate, and adopt new standards of care much more quickly than the average adoption timeline of <a href="http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/collaboration/fourthparadigm/4th_paradigm_book_part2_gillam.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">17 years</a> and in so doing help obsolete outdated, wasteful, and expensive treatment methods  While perhaps not as headline-making as “The End of Theory,” “Save Hundreds of Billions of Dollars With Better Health Outcomes” is pretty close. (Bean, 2016)</span></li>
</ol>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">3. Installing a Big Data Analytics framework (Hadoop or Spark)</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span><br />
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>Step 1: Install Java </b></span></h4>
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span></h4>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Firstly you need to install java successfully and then run the following commands.</span><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> sudo apt-add-repository ppa:webupd8team/java </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sudo apt-get update </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-installer</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">To check whether the Java is successfully installed or not, you need the run the command. <br /><br />·         $scala -version <br /><br />“”If the Java is installed then you will get to see the following: <br /><br />java version “1.7.0_71” <br /><br />Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_71-b13) <br /><br />Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 25.0-b02, mixed mode)””</span><span style="color: #444444;"></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>Step 2: Install Scala </b></span></h4>
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span></h4>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Step two is to download the latest version of scala by visiting the <a href="http://www.scala-lang.org/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.scala-lang.org</a> and then run the following commands.</span><span style="color: #444444;"></span>

<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> sudo mkdir /usr/local/src/scala </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sudo tar -xvf scala-2.11.7.tgz -C /usr/local/src/scala/<br /> nano .bashrc </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">export SCALA_HOME=/usr/local/src/scala/scala-2.11.7 </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">export PATH=$SCALA_HOME/bin:$PATH<br /> .bashrc</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">To check whether the Java is successfully installed or not, you need the run the command. <br /><br />·         $scala -version <br /><br />If the Scala is successfully installed then you will get to see. <br /><br />“”Scala code runner version 2.11.6 — Copyright 2002-2013, LAMP/EPFL””</span><span style="color: #444444;"></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>Step 3: Install Git </b></span></h4>
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span></h4>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Next step is to install Git. Command is given below. </span><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sudo apt-get install git</span>

</li>
</ul>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>Step 4: Build Spark </b></span></h4>
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span></h4>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The final step is to download the latest version of spark by visiting the <a href="http://www.spark.apache.org/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.spark.apache.org</a> </span><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">tar -xvf spark-1.4.1.tgz </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">sbt/sbt assembly</span>

</li>
</ul>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Issues and Recommendation </span></h4>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Although Spark is reported to work up to 100 times faster than Hadoop in certain circumstances, it does not provide its own distributed storage system. Spark does not include its own system for organizing files in a distributed way (the file system) so it requires one provided by a third-party. For this reason many Big Data projects involve installing Spark on top of Hadoop, where Spark’s advanced analytics applications can make use of data stored using the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS). (Marr, 2016)</span><br />
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">4. Installing R  </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">- Step by Step</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span><br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Once you have installed R on a Windows computer (following the steps above), you can install an additional package by following the steps below:</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">To start R, follow either step 2 or 3:</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Check if there is an “R” icon on the desktop of the computer that you are using. If so, double-click on the “R” icon to start R. If you cannot find an “R” icon, try step 3 instead.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Click on the “Start” button at the bottom left of your computer screen, and then choose “All programs”, and start R by selecting “R” (or R X.X.X, where X.X.X gives the version of R, eg. R 2.10.0) from the menu of programs.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The R console (a rectangle) should pop up.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Once you have started R, you can now install an R package (eg. the “rmeta” package) by choosing “Install package(s)” from the “Packages” menu at the top of the R console. This will ask you what website you want to download the package from, you should choose “Ireland” (or another country, if you prefer). It will also bring up a list of available packages that you can install, and you should choose the package that you want to install from that list (eg. “rmeta”).</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">This will install the “rmeta” package.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The “rmeta” package is now installed. Whenever you want to use the “rmeta” package after this, after starting R, you first have to load the package by typing into the R console:</span></li>
</ol>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #F8F8F8; border: none; line-height: 13.35pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-border-alt: solid #CCCCCC .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt; padding: 0in; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #666666; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">></span><span style="color: black; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;"> </span><b><span style="color: #007020; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">library</span></b><span style="color: black; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">(</span><span style="color: #4070a0; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">"rmeta"</span><span style="color: black; letter-spacing: 0.2pt;">)</span></span></div>
</div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Issues and recommendation</span></h4>
<h4>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span></h4>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In my healthcare data, I wanted to convert dollar values to integers (ie. $21,000 to 21000), and I used gsub  .  wanted to focus on the Payment estimate. </span><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">So I used the melt() function that is part of reshape2. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">With my data melted, I wanted to get the average estimate for heart attack patients by state.</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Now that my data is in perfect shape to visualize with a map overlay, ggplot2 and maps are two other R packages that would be useful (Parmar, 2016) </span><br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">5. The Functionality Of R With Regard To Health Care </span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Researcher introduces the utilization of R as a tool for analyzing their data. In the past 5 years since the inception of this book, the number of R applications has exploded. It is not possible to do justice to R’s diverse capabilities in a few words. Using R to analyze the data, because of the ease of interactive exploration and making visualizations. (Seefeld & Linder, 2016)</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span>

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<h4 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Refrences:</span></b></span></h4>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Alkhatib, M., Talaei-Khoei, A., & Ghapanchi, A. (2016). Analysis of Research in Healthcare Data Analytics. arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.01354. <br /><br />Bean, D. (2016). Big Data: The end of theory in healthcare? - Christensen Institute. Christensen Institute. Retrieved 31 October 2016, from <a href="http://www.christenseninstitute.org/blog/big-data-the-end-of-theory-in-healthcare/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.christenseninstitute.org/blog/big-data-the-end-of-theory-in-healthcare/</a> <br /><br />Marr, B. (2016). Forbes Welcome. Forbes.com. Retrieved 31 October 2016, from <a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2015/06/22/spark-or-hadoop-which-is-the-best-big-data-framework/#1bfc431d532c" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2015/06/22/spark-or-hadoop-which-is-the-best-big-data-framework/#1bfc431d532c</a> <br /><br />Seefeld, K. & Linder, E. (2016). Statistics Using R with Biological Examples. https://cran.r-project.org. Retrieved 31 October 2016, from <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/doc/contrib/Seefeld_StatsRBio.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://cran.r-project.org/doc/contrib/Seefeld_StatsRBio.pdf</a> <br /><br />Parmar, D. (2016). R Packages: A Healthcare Application. Datasciencecentral.com. Retrieved 31 October 2016, from <a href="http://www.datasciencecentral.com/profiles/blogs/r-packages-a-healthcare-application" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.datasciencecentral.com/profiles/blogs/r-packages-a-healthcare-application</a></span></div>
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Big Data Analytics Assignment | Data Analytics in Various Health Care Fields

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