What is Network Topology and its Types - Complete Tutorial

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">What is Network Topology</span></h3> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In this Tutorial we will learn <b>What is Network Topology</b> and its <b>Types</b>. <b>Definition :</b> Network Topology is the schematic description of a network arrangement, connecting various nodes ( sender and receiver ) through lines of connection. Previously we shared <a href="http://virtualstudysolutions.blogspot.com/2017/04/html-tags-with-examples-complete.html">HTML Tags with Examples Complete Tutorial</a>.</span><br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr5Fuis2cjlGysFvbpmoL9HHB0M718AXeP1G2jFlaVAPXEAxcw36oAFqeaEIJ3gpctz7E1z-kRlgdqQsA8xc7Vlsow4lwP0iDemq6LJbkdw5lbvUPx11pQUHsHd1GplteJ5mCi7_IL_dY/s1600/network+topology.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="What is Network Topology and its Types - Complete Tutorial" border="0" height="440" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr5Fuis2cjlGysFvbpmoL9HHB0M718AXeP1G2jFlaVAPXEAxcw36oAFqeaEIJ3gpctz7E1z-kRlgdqQsA8xc7Vlsow4lwP0iDemq6LJbkdw5lbvUPx11pQUHsHd1GplteJ5mCi7_IL_dY/s640/network+topology.png" title="What is Network Topology and its Types - Complete Tutorial" width="640" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">What is Network Topology and its Types - Complete Tutorial</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Types of Network Topology</span></h3> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In this tutorial we will discuss following Types with Features, Advantages and Disadvantages</span><br /> <ul style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <li>What is BUS Topology</li> <li>What is RING Topology</li> <li>What is STAR Topology</li> <li>What is MESH Topology</li> <li>What is TREE Topology</li> <li>What is HYBRID Topology</li> </span></ul> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <div> <b>Recommended :</b><a href="http://virtualstudysolutions.blogspot.com/p/c-programming-tutorials.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> C++ Programming Tutorial</a></div> </span><br /> <div> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">What is BUS Topology</span></h3> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Bus topology is a network type in which every computer and network device is connected to single cable. When it has exactly two endpoints, then it is called Linear Bus topology.</span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkHuihA0Pw4UankN2Ng1YPY37PBIHoFZLonZNXEnuaVfMm7Y-9_2BkUWCZRA92TYgbBub4IK_0T7UYrgzx-MlY5gHV7XFmYiv5ubyaZqCQxyPo7bwivYN4gK6iMtF2YAMmSZxyS3APpak/s1600/what+is+bus+topology.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="What is BUS Topology -Network Topology" border="0" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkHuihA0Pw4UankN2Ng1YPY37PBIHoFZLonZNXEnuaVfMm7Y-9_2BkUWCZRA92TYgbBub4IK_0T7UYrgzx-MlY5gHV7XFmYiv5ubyaZqCQxyPo7bwivYN4gK6iMtF2YAMmSZxyS3APpak/s640/what+is+bus+topology.png" title="What is BUS Topology -Network Topology" width="640" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">What is BUS Topology -Network Topology</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div> <h4 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Features of Bus Topology</span></h4> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span><br /> <ul style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <li>It transmits data only in one direction.</li> <li>Every device is connected to a single cable</li> </span></ul> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> </span><br /> <h4 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Advantages of Bus Topology</span></h4> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span><br /> <ul style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <li>It is cost effective.</li> <li>Cable required is least compared to other network topology.</li> <li>Used in small networks.</li> <li>It is easy to understand.</li> <li>Easy to expand joining two cables together.</li> </span></ul> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> </span><br /> <h4 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Disadvantages of Bus Topology</span></h4> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span><br /> <ul style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <li>Cables fails then whole network fails.</li> <li>If network traffic is heavy or nodes are more the performance of the network decreases. </li> <li>Cable has a limited length. </li> <li>It is slower than the ring topology.</li> </span></ul> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <b>Recommended :</b> <a href="http://virtualstudysolutions.blogspot.com/2015/01/cs-201-all-past-solved-midterm-papers.html">CS 201 all past solved midterm papers 2015</a></span><br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">What is RING Topology</span></h3> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">It is called ring topology because it forms a ring as each computer is connected to another computer, with the last one connected to the first. Exactly two neighbors for each device.</span><br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpSeqQuEkKaOOa4wcH0jBBB4dsDj2Newu8QbxDZYtkS3wdMrsR3YRexYvTO1OW-qAJIkOLpUnZVdcGOiDN05tlxn49WVDnSPhUYVE8SC5bAktJF8lFgkpgOIzXe4x1jnk1GQQCAEN7Kog/s1600/What+is+Ring+topology.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img alt="What is RING Topology -Network Topology" border="0" height="354" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpSeqQuEkKaOOa4wcH0jBBB4dsDj2Newu8QbxDZYtkS3wdMrsR3YRexYvTO1OW-qAJIkOLpUnZVdcGOiDN05tlxn49WVDnSPhUYVE8SC5bAktJF8lFgkpgOIzXe4x1jnk1GQQCAEN7Kog/s640/What+is+Ring+topology.png" title="What is RING Topology -Network Topology" width="640" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">What is RING Topology -Network Topology</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <h4 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Features of Ring Topology</span></h4> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">A number of repeaters are used for Ring topology with large number of nodes, because if someone wants to send some data to the last node in the ring topology with 100 nodes, then the data will have to pass through 99 nodes to reach the 100th node. Hence to prevent data loss repeaters are used in the network.</span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>Dual Ring Topology :</b></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The transmission is unidirectional, but it can be made bidirectional by having 2 connections between each Network Node, it is called Dual Ring Topology.</span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br />In Dual Ring Topology, two ring networks are formed, and data flow is in opposite direction in them. Also, if one ring fails, the second ring can act as a backup, to keep the network up.<br />Data is transferred in a sequential manner that is bit by bit. Data transmitted, has to pass through each node of the network, till the destination node.</span><br /> <h4 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Advantages of Ring Topology</span></h4> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span><br /> <ul style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <li>Transmitting network is not affected by high traffic or by adding more nodes, as only the nodes having tokens can transmit data.</li> <li>Cheap to install and expand</li> </span></ul> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> </span><br /> <h4 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Disadvantages of Ring Topology</span></h4> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span><br /> <ul style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <li>Troubleshooting is difficult in ring topology.</li> <li>Adding or deleting the computers disturbs the network activity.</li> <li>Failure of one computer disturbs the whole network.</li> </span></ul> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <b>Recommended :</b> <a href="http://virtualstudysolutions.blogspot.com/2016/02/mth301-final-term-solved-papers-mega.html">MTH301 Final Term Solved Papers Mega Collection</a></span><br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">What is STAR Topology</span></h3> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In this type of topology all the computers are connected to a single hub through a cable. This hub is the central node and all others nodes are connected to the central node.</span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNk7fWaNXJJa5tHk7KtqKJRLCliXBcjObkUpFd1gI_QeTkP4W-nMgXQyNNGV5zuFBFi9_DSeZweNscOyfcwjyrw8tGEh-HCIB87xk8sZqv8tlty4j2JhpTRfrG_kMk0P0pmzjYabdJfUA/s1600/What+is+Star+Topology.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="What is STAR Topology - Network Topology" border="0" height="384" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNk7fWaNXJJa5tHk7KtqKJRLCliXBcjObkUpFd1gI_QeTkP4W-nMgXQyNNGV5zuFBFi9_DSeZweNscOyfcwjyrw8tGEh-HCIB87xk8sZqv8tlty4j2JhpTRfrG_kMk0P0pmzjYabdJfUA/s640/What+is+Star+Topology.png" title="What is STAR Topology - Network Topology" width="640" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">What is STAR Topology - Network Topology</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div> <h4 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Features of Star Topology</span></h4> </div> <div> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Every node has its own dedicated connection to the hub.<br />Hub acts as a repeater for data flow.<br />Can be used with twisted pair, Optical Fiber or coaxial cable.</span><br /> <h4 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Advantages of Star Topology</span></h4> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span><br /> <ul style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <li>Fast performance with few nodes and low network traffic.</li> <li>Hub can be upgraded easily.</li> <li>Easy to troubleshoot.</li> <li>Easy to setup and modify.</li> <li>Only that node is affected which has failed, rest of the nodes can work smoothly.</li> </span></ul> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> </span><br /> <h4 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Disadvantages of Star Topology</span></h4> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span><br /> <ul style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <li>Cost of installation is high.</li> <li>Expensive to use.</li> <li>If the hub fails then the whole network is stopped because all the nodes depend on the hub.</li> <li>Performance is based on the hub that is it depends on its capacity.</li> </span></ul> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <b>Recommended :</b> <a href="http://virtualstudysolutions.blogspot.com/2015/01/mth301-midterm-solved-past-papers.html">Mth301 midterm Solved past papers</a></span></div> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">What is MESH Topology</span></h3> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">It is a point-to-point connection to other nodes or devices. All the network nodes are connected to each other. Mesh has n(n-1)/2 physical channels to link n devices.</span><br /> <div> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCns67S2HUfBAiYFKARU9LPW7RK9F-C7z3Pq9TLLpqDamND35f4ZfVB3AbG9MpAmqVEuv4hjt2auKhyphenhyphenKRC3ULKLc-PT0gqhF8S3336T0zeerz0eb23IuVkBrHKZdbHksSeyn-PzX7DS-I/s1600/What+is+Mesh+Topology.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="What is MESH Topology - Network Topology" border="0" height="412" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCns67S2HUfBAiYFKARU9LPW7RK9F-C7z3Pq9TLLpqDamND35f4ZfVB3AbG9MpAmqVEuv4hjt2auKhyphenhyphenKRC3ULKLc-PT0gqhF8S3336T0zeerz0eb23IuVkBrHKZdbHksSeyn-PzX7DS-I/s640/What+is+Mesh+Topology.png" title="What is MESH Topology - Network Topology" width="640" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">What is MESH Topology - Network Topology</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div> <h4 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Techniques of Mesh Topology</span></h4> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">There are two techniques to transmit data over the Mesh topology, </span><br /> <div> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">they are :</span><br /> <ul style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <li>Routing</li> <li>Flooding</li> </span></ul> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <div> <b>What is Routing :</b></div> In routing, the nodes have a routing logic, as per the network requirements. Like routing logic to direct the data to reach the destination using the shortest distance. Or, routing logic which has information about the broken links, and it avoids those node etc. We can even have routing logic, to re-configure the failed nodes.</span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /><b>What is Flooding :</b><br />In flooding, the same data is transmitted to all the network nodes, hence no routing logic is required. The network is robust, and the its very unlikely to lose the data. But it leads to unwanted load over the network.</span><br /> <h4 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Types of Mesh Topology</span></h4> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>Partial Mesh Topology :</b></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> In this topology some of the systems are connected in the same fashion as mesh topology but some devices are only connected to two or three devices.<br /><b><br /></b></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>Full Mesh Topology :</b></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Each and every nodes or devices are connected to each other.</span><br /> <h4 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Features of Mesh Topology</span></h4> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Fully connected.<br />Robust.<br />Not flexible.</span><br /> <h4 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Advantages of Mesh Topology</span></h4> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span><br /> <ul style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <li>Each connection can carry its own data load.</li> <li>It is robust.</li> <li>Fault is diagnosed easily.</li> <li>Provides security and privacy.</li> </span></ul> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> </span><br /> <h4 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Disadvantages of Mesh Topology</span></h4> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span><br /> <ul style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <li>Installation and configuration is difficult.</li> <li>Cabling cost is more.</li> <li>Bulk wiring is required.</li> </span></ul> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <b>Recommended :</b> <a href="http://virtualstudysolutions.blogspot.com/2015/01/isl-201-mid-term-solved-papers.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">ISL 201 Mid term SOlved Papers</a></span><br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">What is TREE Topology</span></h3> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">It has a root node and all other nodes are connected to it forming a hierarchy. It is also called hierarchical topology. It should at least have three levels to the hierarchy.</span></div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNIu5-nNSET8_57m8YLf6usLmSjkEO88ri5w_-Jq8pbSb1ieDVySAHpI_e2KoCVNREZ0vDK1ZUslIb2tZr-O7fHJHXT2Mqd5qotBoD7eYPIaOlh4ZXsHt4Cz3L5M_Nvo5uqtTBy-aswFs/s1600/What+is+Tree+Topology.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="What is TREE Topology - Network Topology" border="0" height="244" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNIu5-nNSET8_57m8YLf6usLmSjkEO88ri5w_-Jq8pbSb1ieDVySAHpI_e2KoCVNREZ0vDK1ZUslIb2tZr-O7fHJHXT2Mqd5qotBoD7eYPIaOlh4ZXsHt4Cz3L5M_Nvo5uqtTBy-aswFs/s640/What+is+Tree+Topology.png" title="What is TREE Topology - Network Topology" width="640" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">What is TREE Topology - Network Topology</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div> <h4 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Features of Tree Topology</span></h4> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Ideal if workstations are located in groups. <br />Used in Wide Area Network.</span><br /> <h4 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Advantages of Tree Topology</span></h4> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span><br /> <ul style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <li>Extension of bus and star typologies.</li> <li>Expansion of nodes is possible and easy.</li> <li>Easily managed and maintained.</li> <li>Error detection is easily done.</li> </span></ul> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> </span><br /> <h4 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Disadvantages of Tree Topology</span></h4> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span><br /> <ul style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <li>Heavily cabled.</li> <li>Costly.</li> <li>If more nodes are added maintenance is difficult.</li> <li>Central hub fails, network fails.</li> </span></ul> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <b>Recommended :</b> <a href="http://virtualstudysolutions.blogspot.com/2015/01/download-vu-midterm-exam-solved-papers.html">download vu midterm exam solved papers and quizzes</a></span><br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">What is HYBRID Topology</span></h3> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">It is two different types of typologies which is a mixture of two or more typologies. For example if in an office in one department ring topology is used and in another star topology is used, connecting these typologies will result in Hybrid Topology (ring topology and star topology).</span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVdzVKjkVCpwLMtXzHceW1GfzUr-XRzyD-cwMhdQ2DmigbxlhGrqdbGsy3WpV48SnRWkZ1mTsymik90DwV9aKgFq_fjhIJkoSvS9gNhyhC5efRUAWv8nvWJlTrRMwFnn9pAZjSUaqeiHY/s1600/What+is+hybrid+topology.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="What is HYBRID Topology - Network Topology" border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVdzVKjkVCpwLMtXzHceW1GfzUr-XRzyD-cwMhdQ2DmigbxlhGrqdbGsy3WpV48SnRWkZ1mTsymik90DwV9aKgFq_fjhIJkoSvS9gNhyhC5efRUAWv8nvWJlTrRMwFnn9pAZjSUaqeiHY/s640/What+is+hybrid+topology.png" title="What is HYBRID Topology - Network Topology" width="634" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">What is HYBRID Topology - Network Topology</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div> <h4 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Features of Hybrid Topology</span></h4> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">It is a combination of two or typologies<br />Inherits the advantages and disadvantages of the typologies included</span><br /> <h4 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Advantages of Hybrid Topology</span></h4> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span><br /> <ul style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <li>Reliable as Error detecting and trouble shooting is easy.</li> <li>Effective.</li> <li>Scalable as size can be increased easily.</li> <li>Flexible.</li> </span></ul> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> </span><br /> <h4 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Disadvantages of Hybrid Topology</span></h4> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span><br /> <ul style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <li>Complex in design.</li> <li>Costly.</li> </span></ul> <span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <div> If you liked this Post share it with Your friends. Subscribe below for More Updates and tutorials. Thank You.</div> </span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>

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